← psikat

What is psikat?

Note: This manual may periodically become outdated as psikat is under active development.

Psikat is a tracker-like sequencer DAW for the browser.

Note: Project saving and loading is disabled until a stable release due to constant changes in the file format. You can export your creations in WAV format via File → Export WAV.

Interface Overview

The interface is divided into four main sections:

Top

A horizontal bar across the top containing:

  • psikat logo
  • File menu - New Project, Export WAV, Controls, About, Manual
  • BPM - project tempo (000.01–999.99). Click to edit, type all five digits to confirm.
  • ZOOM - note resolution for all patterns
  • BARS - number of bars for all patterns
  • PLAY / STOP - start or stop playback (Enter)
  • LOOP - toggle arrangement looping during playback (Cmd/Ctrl+O)
  • WRITING - toggle writing mode
  • BORDERED - toggle bordered editing mode
  • KEYS - toggle piano keyboard
  • MIX - toggle mixer
  • INSTRUMENT - toggle instrument panel

Center

A vertical grid where notes and FX commands are entered. See Pattern Editor for details.

Bottom

  • Input Panel - MIDI toggle, MIDI OUT cycle button (OFF/ON/MUTE), pitch transpose, octave, skip, scale, chord, and arpeggiator settings
  • Piano Keyboard - an on-screen keyboard toggled with Cmd/Ctrl+K
  • Mixer - toggled with Cmd/Ctrl+M. Channel strips with volume, pan, mute, solo, and oscilloscope for each track, plus a master bus strip. Master EQ and Compressor are displayed below the strips.

Pattern Editor

The central area of psikat. A vertical grid where each column is a voice within a track, and each row is a step in time.

Entering Notes

Notes are entered using the computer keyboard or a connected MIDI keyboard. See Notes for the QWERTY key layout. The active scale filters which pitches are available from the keyboard. MIDI input bypasses the scale, octave, and transpose settings. Enable MIDI OUT to send note data to external MIDI devices during both preview and playback. Each track sends on a successive MIDI channel starting from channel 1. Click the OUT button to cycle through three modes: OFF, ON (audio plays normally), and MUTE (audio is silenced, shown in red). MIDI IN velocity is captured and written to the VEL column when entering notes in writing mode. MIDI OUT reads velocity from the VEL column during playback.

  • Press a note key to insert a note at the cursor and advance by the skip amount
  • Press . to insert a note-off
  • Press Shift+. to insert a note-off on all voices of the current row
  • Press - to insert a skip marker (displayed as SKP)
  • Press Delete or Backspace to clear the note at the cursor
  • Entered notes play back as a preview

Skip Markers

A skip marker (SKP) defines a region of the pattern that is skipped during playback. A single skip marker skips from that row to the end of the pattern. Two skip markers define an explicit range: all rows between them (inclusive) are skipped. This allows patterns of different effective lengths while keeping a uniform grid size. Skipped rows are dimmed in the editor.

Polyphonic Input

Pressing multiple note keys within a short window enters them across adjacent voices on the same row. The number of notes is limited by the available voice columns to the right of the cursor.

Cursor and Navigation

  • Arrow keys - move the cursor up/down/left/right
  • Navigation wraps around at boundaries
  • Click any cell to move the cursor there

Zoom

The ZOOM dropdown controls the note resolution at which the pattern is displayed.

  • Notes are stored at the resolution at which they were entered
  • Zooming out aggregates rows: cells with notes at a finer resolution are shown as solid color blocks
  • Zooming in reveals the individual notes
  • You can enter notes at any zoom level - the note is placed at the first underlying row
  • Available zoom levels: 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/24, 1/32, 1/48, 1/64, 1/96, 1/128
  • When notes cannot be displayed at the current zoom level, a number indicating the required zoom level is shown instead

Selection

  • Shift + Arrow keys - begin or extend a selection
  • Cmd/Ctrl+A - progressive selection:
    • From a note column:
      1. Select all notes in the current track
      2. Extend to include FX columns
      3. Select all tracks
    • From an FX column:
      1. Select current FX column
      2. Select all FX columns on current track
      3. Extend to include note columns
      4. Select all tracks
  • Selections can span multiple voices, tracks, FX columns, and rows
  • Escape - clear the selection

FX Columns

Every track has five FX columns to the right of its note voices.

PITCH

All pitch effects in a single column. Each command is a letter followed by four digits: [L][XX][YY].

Letter Name Effect
S Scoop Glide up to the note from XX semitones below over YY rows
P Plunge Glide down to the note from XX semitones above over YY rows
B Bend Bend up from the note by XX semitones over YY rows
F Fall Bend down from the note by XX semitones over YY rows
V Vibrato Sine-wave vibrato, XX = width (×3 cents), YY = speed
W Wiggle Bend up XX semitones and return, full round-trip over YY rows
D Dip Bend down XX semitones and return, full round-trip over YY rows

Type the command letter, then four digits. Press . to insert ··OFF and reset all pitch effects.

Examples: S1208 = scoop from 12 semitones below over 8 rows. V0820 = subtle vibrato. B0204 = bend up 2 semitones over 4 rows.

VEL - Velocity

Sets the MIDI velocity for notes on that row. 7F = full, 00 = silent. This value is sent with MIDI OUT and written automatically when entering notes from a MIDI keyboard. Keyboard-entered notes default to 7F.

VOL - Volume

Sets the track volume. 7F = full, 00 = silent. Persists until overwritten.

PAN - Pan

Sets the stereo position. 00 = left, 40 = centre, 7F = right. Persists until overwritten.

FADE - Volume Fade

Smooth volume fading independent of the track volume knob. Format: SSEE where SS = start volume, EE = end volume. Fades from the current row to the end of the pattern. 00 = silent, 7F = full.

Type 99 to instantly reset the fade to full.

Example: 7F00 = fade out; 007F = fade in; 99 = instant reset.

Zoom-Locked FX

PITCH and FADE cells are tied to the zoom level at which they were entered. At a different zoom level, these cells display the zoom value needed to edit them. Switch to that zoom level to modify or overwrite the cell. Reset works at any zoom level.

Entering Values

  • For PITCH: type a command letter followed by four digits (0–9).
  • For VEL, VOL, and PAN: type two hex characters.
  • For FADE: type four hex characters.
  • Press Delete to clear the FX cell.

Master FX Columns

The left-most columns in the pattern editor. They provide row-by-row automation for the master bus:

Sub-column Description
BPM Tempo override, 5-digit decimal centiBPM value
VOL Master volume, 00–7F hex
PAN Master panning, 00–7F hex, 40 = center

The BPM column sets the playback tempo at the given row. Type five decimal digits to enter a centiBPM value. For example, 12000 = 120.00 BPM. Leading and trailing zeros are dimmed. An automation value persists until a new value or an OFF command is encountered. Press . to insert an OFF command, which resets the tempo to the project BPM.

Additional parameter columns appear when you right-click a master effect knob and select Add Column. These columns automate the corresponding effect parameter per row. Right-click the knob again and select Remove Column to hide it.

Click a cell to focus it. Type two hex digits to enter a VOL or PAN value, or five decimal digits for BPM. Press Delete to clear.

Multiple Patterns

All patterns are displayed vertically in the pattern editor.

Press Cmd/Ctrl+B to toggle BORDERED editing mode:

  • BORDERED ON - cursor and editing are constrained to the focused pattern slot. Unfocused patterns are dimmed
  • BORDERED OFF - the entire song is treated as one continuous grid. Cursor, selection, and operations work freely across pattern boundaries

BARS controls the length of all patterns globally. ZOOM controls the note resolution for all patterns.

Right-click in the pattern editor:

  • Insert Pattern After - creates a new pattern slot after the clicked pattern
  • Delete Pattern - removes the pattern slot from all tracks

Track Context Menu

Right-click on a track’s cells:

Action Description
Add Track Inserts a new track to the right
Duplicate Track Creates a track with the same settings
Delete Track Removes the track
Hide/Show FX Toggles FX column visibility
Move Left Swaps with the left neighbour
Move Right Swaps with the right neighbour

Copy, Cut, and Paste

  • Cmd/Ctrl+C - copy the selection or cell at the cursor
  • Cmd/Ctrl+X - cut the selection
  • Cmd/Ctrl+V - paste at the cursor position

Moving Notes

  • Alt + Arrow keys - move the note or selection in any direction
  • Press Enter to confirm, or any other key to cancel
  • Moving is blocked when a cell contains hidden notes at an incompatible zoom level. Zoom in to a compatible level first.
  • Voice columns can only move to other voice columns. FX columns move to FX columns of the same width.

Chord Mode

When the Chord dropdown is not “Off”, each key press inserts a chord voicing. Chord intervals are derived from the active scale, so the same key produces different chord qualities depending on the scale degree.

Voicing Scale degrees
Off Single note
Scale 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Power 1, 5, 8va-1, 8va-5
Triad 1, 5, 8va-1, 8va-3, 8va-5
1st Inv 3, 5, 8va-1, 8va-3, 8va-5
2nd Inv 5, 8va-1, 8va-3, 8va-5, 15ma-1
Cluster 1, 2, 3
6/9 1, 3, 5, 6, 9
Shell 1, 7, 8va-3
Drop 2 1, 5, 7, 8va-3
So What 1, 4, 7, 8va-3, 8va-5
Sus Spread 1, 5, 8va-1, 8va-4, 15ma-3
7th Wide 1, 5, 7, 8va-3, 8va-5
9th Wide 1, 5, 7, 8va-3, 15ma-3
Lush 13th 1, 7, 8va-3, 8va-5, 15ma-3, 15ma-7
Magic Spread 1, 5, 8va-2, 8va-3, 15ma-1, 15ma-5
Orchestral 1, 5, 8va-1, 8va-3, 8va-5, 15ma-1, 15ma-3, 15ma-5
Mega Quartal 1, 4, 7, 8va-3, 8va-6, 15ma-2, 15ma-5, 22da-1

Writing Mode

Toggle with Tab:

  • Writing ON - notes are written to the pattern when you press note keys
  • Writing OFF - note keys play audio but do not write to the pattern

The current mode is shown in the header bar.

Playback

  • Enter - start/stop from the beginning of the pattern
  • Space - start/stop from the cursor position
  • The grid highlights the current row and auto-scrolls during playback
  • Editing is disabled during playback

Track Editor

Shows the settings for the currently selected track.

Basic Settings

  • VOICES - number of polyphonic voices for this track. Each voice is a column in the pattern editor.
  • INSTRUMENT - choose between Sampler, Poly Synth, and Chip Synth.

See the Sampler, Poly Synth, and Chip Synth sections for mode-specific settings.

Sample & Multi Sample

Two sample-based instrument modes: Sample for single-sample chromatic playback, and Multi Sample for keyboard-mapped multi-sample instruments.

Sample

Set a track’s instrument to Sample to load a single audio file and play it chromatically across the keyboard.

  • Right-click the empty slot to load a .wav file
  • Once loaded, the waveform editor, loop controls, pitch, and glide controls appear

Pitch, Gain & Glide

Parameter Description
COARSE Pitch adjustment in semitones
FINE Fine-tune in cents
GAIN Output level
GLIDE Portamento speed between notes

Multi Sample

Set a track’s instrument to Multi Sample for a 128-cell grid mapped to MIDI notes. Each cell holds an independent sample with its own volume, pan, and pitch settings.

Cell Grid

A 12×11 grid where each cell corresponds to a MIDI note. Cells playable from the current keyboard mapping are highlighted and labeled with their key. The mapping follows the active scale, octave, and transpose settings.

  • Click a cell to select it and preview
  • Shift+Click to toggle multi-selection
  • Drag a cell onto another to swap them
  • Right-click for context menu:
    • Load Samples - load .wav files into empty cells
    • Clear - remove the sample from selected cells
    • Clear All - remove all samples

Volume & Pan

Parameter Description
LEVEL Per-cell volume
PAN Per-cell stereo position

Pitch

Parameter Description
COARSE Pitch adjustment in semitones
FINE Fine-tune in cents

Input Behavior

Scale, octave, and transpose affect which cells the keyboard plays. Chord and arpeggio are ignored.

Shared Controls

Both modes share the same waveform editor and loop controls.

Waveform Editor

  • Drag the edge handles to change region start/end
  • Drag the diamond handles to set fade-in/fade-out lengths
  • Right-click for Trim to selection

Playback & Loop

Setting Options
PLAYBACK Forward or Reverse
LOOP Off, Forward, or Ping-Pong

Synthesizer

When a track’s mode is set to Synth, it uses a built-in dual-oscillator synthesizer. The signal chain is: OSC 1 + OSC 2 → Mix → Filter → Amp, with an LFO and ADSR envelope for modulation, and a stereo chorus at the output.

Presets

A PRESET dropdown provides built-in patches. Selecting a preset overwrites all synth parameters. After loading a preset you can freely tweak any parameter.

All continuous parameters are presented as knobs that can be dragged. Double-click a knob to reset it to its midpoint.

Pitch & Glide

Parameter Description
GLIDE Portamento speed. Higher values produce a slower slide
RANGE Octave range: 16’, 8’, or 4’
COARSE Pitch offset in semitones
FINE Fine pitch offset in cents

OSC 1

The first oscillator.

Parameter Description
WAVE Waveform: SAW, PULSE, TRI, NOISE
DUTY Pulse width. 0.5 is a square wave
LEVEL Output level in the mix

OSC 2

The second oscillator. Can be detuned relative to OSC 1 or used as an FM source.

Parameter Description
WAVE Waveform: SAW, PULSE, TRI, NOISE
DUTY Pulse width
LEVEL Output level in the mix
COARSE Pitch offset in semitones, −24 to +24
FINE Fine pitch offset, −1 to +1 semitones

Mix

Additional sources and inter-oscillator modulation.

Parameter Description
SUB Level of the sub-oscillator, one octave below OSC 1
NOISE White noise level
FM Frequency modulation between oscillators

Filter

Parameter Description
MODE Filter type: LP, BP, or HP
FREQ Cutoff frequency
RES Resonance
ENV Envelope modulation amount applied to the cutoff
KYBD Keyboard tracking. Higher values make the cutoff follow the pitch

Amp

Parameter Description
LEVEL Output volume
MODE ENV shapes volume with the envelope. GATE holds full volume for the note duration

ENV

The ADSR envelope. Attack is linear; decay and release use exponential curves.

Parameter Description
A (Attack) Time to rise from zero to full level, 0–3 s
D (Decay) Time to fall from full level to sustain, 0–3 s
S (Sustain) Level held while the note is held
R (Release) Time to fall to zero after the note is released, 0–3 s

LFO

A triangle-wave low frequency oscillator for modulation.

Parameter Description
RATE LFO speed in Hz
PITCH Pitch vibrato amount, up to ±2 semitones
DUTY Pulse width modulation amount
FILTER Filter cutoff modulation amount
START Fade-in delay after note trigger, 0–5 s

Chorus

Stereo chorus at the output.

Parameter Description
MIX Dry/wet balance. 0 bypasses the chorus entirely
INTENSITY Controls the depth and rate of the modulation

Mixer

Shows a channel strip for each track and a master strip.

Channel Strip

Each strip contains:

Element Description
Channel number Click to select the track
Oscilloscope Real-time waveform display
Pan slider Drag to pan. Double-click to reset
M Mute
S Solo
Volume fader Drag to adjust. Double-click to reset
dB readout Current volume in dB. Can also be dragged

Master Strip

Labeled MASTER, at the right end of the mixer:

Element Description
MASTER label Click to select the master channel
Pan slider Master output panning. Double-click to reset
M Mute master output
Volume fader Master volume. Double-click to reset
dB readout Current master volume in dB. Can also be dragged

Clicking the master strip selects the master channel. The instrument panel then shows the master effects (EQ, Compressor, Delay, Distortion).

See Effects for full documentation.

Effects

Per-channel effects are available on every track. The master bus has EQ and Compressor accessible via the mixer.

Each effect can be toggled via its header button. When disabled, it is fully bypassed.

Distortion

Multi-mode distortion with optional frequency-band targeting.

Parameter Values Default Description
MODE DIST, SAT, CRUSH, FOLD DIST Distortion algorithm
DRIVE 0–100% 0% Distortion intensity
TARGET ALL, LOW, MID, HIGH ALL Frequency band to distort

Modes:

  • DIST - Hard clipping
  • SAT - Soft saturation
  • CRUSH - Bit crusher
  • FOLD - Foldback distortion

TARGET isolates a frequency band using crossover filters at 300 Hz and 3 kHz.

EQ

8-band parametric equalizer with a visual frequency response graph.

Band Type Default Freq
1 High-Pass 30 Hz
2 Low Shelf 80 Hz
3 Parametric 200 Hz
4 Parametric 500 Hz
5 Parametric 1 kHz
6 Parametric 3 kHz
7 High Shelf 8 kHz
8 Low-Pass 20 kHz

Each band has frequency, gain (±24 dB), and Q (0.1–18.0) parameters. High-pass and low-pass bands use a slope setting instead of gain.

Controls

All interaction is done by mouse on the frequency response graph.

  • Drag a point to change its frequency (horizontal) and gain (vertical).
  • Shift + drag to adjust Q (bandwidth).
  • Single click a point to toggle it on or off.
  • Double-click a point to reset it to its default frequency, gain, Q, and slope.
  • Cmd/Ctrl + click a high-pass or low-pass point to cycle through slopes: 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 dB/Oct, and ∞ (brickwall).
  • Right-click a point to open a context menu for adding or removing Freq, Gain, or Q automation columns. Automated parameters are highlighted in orange.

Band 1 (high-pass) and band 8 (low-pass) are disabled by default. Click them to enable.

Compressor

Feed-forward compressor with soft-knee support.

Parameter Range Default Description
THR -40 to 0 dB -12 dB Threshold
RAT 1:1 to 20:1 4:1 Ratio
ATK 0.1–100 ms 5 ms Attack time
REL 10–500 ms 100 ms Release time
KNEE 0–12 dB 6 dB Knee width
GAIN 0–24 dB 0 dB Makeup gain

For limiter behavior, set a high ratio with a fast attack.

Delay

Stereo delay with tempo sync, modulation, and feedback filtering.

Parameter Range Default Description
MIX 0–100% 30% Dry/wet balance
RPT 0–95% 40% Feedback amount
MOD 0–100% 0% Pitch modulation on repeats
LO 20–8000 Hz 20 Hz High-pass on feedback path
HI 200–20000 Hz 12 kHz Low-pass on feedback path
TIME Subdivision list 1/8 Tempo-synced subdivision or FREE
MS 1–1000 ms 250 ms Manual delay time, visible when FREE
PING-PONG On/Off Off Alternates repeats between L and R

TIME offers subdivisions from 1/32 to 1/4, including dotted and triplet variants.

Keyboard Shortcuts

Global

Shortcut Action
Enter Play/stop from the beginning of the pattern
Space Play/stop from the cursor position
Tab Toggle Write mode
Escape Clear selection, stop playback, or quit
Cmd/Ctrl+Z Undo
Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+Z Redo
Cmd/Ctrl+B Toggle Bordered editing mode
Cmd/Ctrl+K Toggle piano keyboard
Cmd/Ctrl+I Toggle instrument panel
Cmd/Ctrl+M Toggle mixer panel
Cmd/Ctrl+O Toggle loop

Edit

Shortcut Action
↑ ↓ ← → Move cursor
Shift + ↑ ↓ ← → Select / extend selection
Alt + ↑ ↓ ← → Move note or selection
Delete / Backspace Clear note at cursor or selection
Shift + Backspace Clear all voices on current row
Cmd/Ctrl+C Copy
Cmd/Ctrl+X Cut
Cmd/Ctrl+V Paste
Cmd/Ctrl+A Select all
Cmd/Ctrl + ↑ Jump to first row
Cmd/Ctrl + ↓ Jump to last row
Cmd/Ctrl + → Jump to edge / next column
Cmd/Ctrl + ← Jump to edge / previous column
Shift+Cmd/Ctrl + ↑ Transpose input up by 1 octave
Shift+Cmd/Ctrl + ↓ Transpose input down by 1 octave
Shift+Cmd/Ctrl + → Transpose input up by 1 semitone
Shift+Cmd/Ctrl + ← Transpose input down by 1 semitone
Shift+Alt + ↑ Transpose note or selection up 1 octave
Shift+Alt + ↓ Transpose note or selection down 1 octave
Shift+Alt + → Transpose note or selection up 1 semitone
Shift+Alt + ← Transpose note or selection down 1 semitone
0–8 Set skip value

Notes

Row Keys
Lowest Z X C V B N M ,
Middle A S D F G H J K L
Highest Q W E R T Y U I O P

The 27 note keys span the active scale. Pitches depend on the selected scale, octave, and transpose settings.

Shortcut Action
. Insert note-off at cursor
Shift + . Insert note-off on all voices of current track
- Insert skip marker

When a Multi Sample track is selected, scale, chord, octave, and transpose modifiers are bypassed.

FX Columns

Shortcut Action
0–9, A–F Enter hex digits (VOL, PAN, FADE)
S/P/B/F/V/W/D Start a PITCH command
0–9 Enter decimal digits for PITCH parameters
. Insert OFF on the current zoom-locked FX column
Shift + . Insert OFF on all zoom-locked FX columns

On a filled PITCH cell, typing digits edits the existing command without re-entering the letter.

Reference Tables

Hex input is being phased out in favour of a friendlier format. The PITCH column already uses plain letters and numbers. VOL, PAN, FADE, and automation columns still use hex for now. This table is here for reference until they are converted too.

Hex Number Reference

VOL, PAN, and FADE columns use hexadecimal values.

Decimal to Hex (0–127)

Dec Hex Dec Hex Dec Hex Dec Hex
0 00 32 20 64 40 96 60
1 01 33 21 65 41 97 61
2 02 34 22 66 42 98 62
3 03 35 23 67 43 99 63
4 04 36 24 68 44 100 64
5 05 37 25 69 45 101 65
6 06 38 26 70 46 102 66
7 07 39 27 71 47 103 67
8 08 40 28 72 48 104 68
9 09 41 29 73 49 105 69
10 0A 42 2A 74 4A 106 6A
11 0B 43 2B 75 4B 107 6B
12 0C 44 2C 76 4C 108 6C
13 0D 45 2D 77 4D 109 6D
14 0E 46 2E 78 4E 110 6E
15 0F 47 2F 79 4F 111 6F
16 10 48 30 80 50 112 70
17 11 49 31 81 51 113 71
18 12 50 32 82 52 114 72
19 13 51 33 83 53 115 73
20 14 52 34 84 54 116 74
21 15 53 35 85 55 117 75
22 16 54 36 86 56 118 76
23 17 55 37 87 57 119 77
24 18 56 38 88 58 120 78
25 19 57 39 89 59 121 79
26 1A 58 3A 90 5A 122 7A
27 1B 59 3B 91 5B 123 7B
28 1C 60 3C 92 5C 124 7C
29 1D 61 3D 93 5D 125 7D
30 1E 62 3E 94 5E 126 7E
31 1F 63 3F 95 5F 127 7F

Quick Reference

Value Hex Use
0 00 Minimum / Silent
32 20 Quarter
64 40 Half / Centre
96 60 Three quarters
127 7F Maximum / Full

PITCH Column Reference

All pitch effects use the format [L][XX][YY]: a single command letter followed by two two-digit parameters (00–99).

Commands

Letter Name XX YY Behaviour
S Scoop Semitones below Rows to glide Starts below, glides up to the note
P Plunge Semitones above Rows to glide Starts above, glides down to the note
B Bend Semitones up Rows to bend Bends up from the current pitch
F Fall Semitones down Rows to fall Bends down from the current pitch
V Vibrato Width (×3 cents) Speed (01–99 → 0–20 Hz) Sine-wave pitch vibrato
W Wiggle Semitones up at peak Rows for round-trip Bends up then returns to origin
D Dip Semitones down Rows for round-trip Bends down then returns to origin

Vibrato Depth

Each unit of XX equals 3 cents of vibrato width.

XX Cents Effect
01 ±3 Very subtle
05 ±15 Gentle wobble
10 ±30 Moderate
17 ±51 Quarter tone
33 ±99 Full semitone
66 ±198 Wide vibrato
99 ±297 Extreme vibrato

Examples

Command Meaning
S1208 Scoop from 12 semitones below over 8 rows
P0504 Plunge from 5 semitones above over 4 rows
B0204 Bend up 2 semitones over 4 rows
F0708 Fall 7 semitones over 8 rows
V0820 Subtle vibrato, moderate speed
W0204 Wiggle up 2 semitones and back over 4 rows
D0304 Dip 3 semitones down and back over 4 rows
B0100 Instant pitch shift up 1 semitone
··OFF Reset all pitch effects

FADE Column Reference

Format: SSEE - start volume → end volume, fading from the current row to the end of the pattern. 00 = silent, 7F = full.

Volume Level Values

Volume Hex Level
0% 00 Silent
25% 20 Quiet
50% 40 Half
75% 60 Loud
100% 7F Full

FADE Examples

FADE value Meaning
7F00 Fade out
007F Fade in
7F40 Fade from full to half
407F Swell from half to full
0000 Instant mute
7F7F Full volume throughout
2060 Rise from quiet to loud
6020 Fall from loud to quiet
·OFF Reset fade to full

Place the command earlier for a slower fade, later for a faster one.